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According to Epstein, reasoning by analogy is a comparison becomes reasoning by analogy when it is part of an argument: On one side of the comparison we draw a conclusion, so on the other side we should conclude the same. For example, our parents are like squirrels, they work long and hard hours so they can provide for us. They are like squirrels because squirrels also gather food every day for their young. Sign reasoning can be easily explained through signs indicating a bigger picture. For example, there was a robbery at a house and crime scene officials are looking through it, they find a fingerprint in a lamp and runs it through the fingerprint system. The officials finds out that the fingerprint belongs to a robber that have been on a streak of robbing house, the robber is the big picture. Causal reasoning is basically an investigation that shows the causes of an effect. This is easily understandable, using the example from the website, the four students all ate coleslaw and other foods, but the teacher concluded that the coleslaw developed the indigestion, that is causal reasoning. By investigation, the teacher was able to point out what led to the indigestion. Criteria reasoning is when someone is using a category to find out what is right. For example, my friends sister likes everything that is purple, so for her birthday present, we got her a purple butterfly necklace, we found this out because the criteria led us to the color purple. People use reasoning by example every day, it is basically telling someone a story about something they were talking about. An example would be two people discussing the effect of texting a driving. one would say my cousin almost got into a car accident because someone texted her while she was on the road. Inductive reasoning is reasoning due to previous actions, like how your mom would kiss you before she leaves work. Its inductive because your mom always kisses you before she leaves. Deductive reasoning is when two statements are true, an example would be 1) all cars are fast 2) my car is fast.